Skip to main content

CJC-1295 reading list

The volunteer studies are the centre of the clinical file. The surrounding papers explain the chemistry, detection work and unresolved safety questions.

Human measurements

Teichman and colleagues’ hormone and half-life study establishes the extended GH/IGF-1 response in healthy adults. Ionescu and Frohman’s pulsatility paper examines the raised basal GH level alongside preserved pulses. Sackmann-Sala and colleagues’ serum-protein study adds candidate biomarkers from 11 healthy young men.

The pulsatility paper gets my first pass for its revealing physiological detail, followed by the duration study. Together they explain why the molecule attracted attention before the question of clinical benefit was answered.

Chemistry, detection and safety

The rat and cell-free albumin-bioconjugate paper examines the chemistry behind DAC, while the GHRH-knockout mouse experiment asks about restoring a missing growth signal. The unknown-preparation identification paper opens the analytical branch of the record; later detection methods extend it.

For the clinical context, the GHRH-analog review covers related compounds. The IGF-1 cancer meta-analysis and GH sodium-retention study supply safety context at different levels of evidence. The FDA advisory materials, discontinued patient-trial record and WADA prohibited list carry their respective regulatory and development questions.

The complete reading list follows, including papers on other interventions and assay methods. Some full papers are paywalled; an abstract may leave details available only in the full study.

  1. Teichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):799-805. ↗
  2. Jette L, Leger R, Thibaudeau K, Benquet C, Robitaille M, Pellerin I, et al. Human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF)1-29-albumin bioconjugates activate the GRF receptor on the anterior pituitary in rats: identification of CJC-1295 as a long-lasting GRF analog. Endocrinology. 2005;146(7):3052-3058. ↗
  3. Ionescu M, Frohman LA. Pulsatile secretion of growth hormone (GH) persists during continuous stimulation by CJC-1295, a long-acting GH-releasing hormone analog. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4792-4797. ↗
  4. Alba M, Fintini D, Sagazio A, Lawrence B, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA, Salvatori R. Once-daily administration of CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, normalizes growth in the GHRH knockout mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006;291(6):E1290-E1294. ↗
  5. Sackmann-Sala L, Ding J, Frohman LA, Kopchick JJ. Activation of the GH/IGF-1 axis by CJC-1295, a long-acting GHRH analog, results in serum protein profile changes in normal adult subjects. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2009;19(6):471-477. ↗
  6. Henninge J, Pepaj M, Hullstein I, Hemmersbach P. Identification of CJC-1295, a growth-hormone-releasing peptide, in an unknown pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal. 2010;2(11-12):647-650. ↗
  7. Antibody-free, ultrafiltration-based assay for the detection of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022. ↗
  8. Advances in the detection of growth hormone releasing hormone synthetic analogs. Drug Test Anal. 2021. ↗
  9. Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016. ↗
  10. Agonistic analogs of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) promote wound healing. Oncotarget. 2016. ↗
  11. GHRH expression plasmid improves osteoporosis and skin damage in aged mice. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2021. ↗
  12. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):180-195. ↗
  13. Chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of peptidic analytes (2-10 kDa) in doping control. J Mass Spectrom. 2024. ↗
  14. Analysis of growth hormone releasing hormone and its analogs in urine using nano-LC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2025. ↗
  15. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Front Aging. 2026. ↗
  16. (2026 peptide therapy safety review). Safety and efficacy of approved and unapproved peptide therapies for musculoskeletal conditions. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  17. Renehan AG, Zwahlen M, Minder C, O'Dwyer ST, Shalet SM, Egger M. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004;363(9418):1346-1353. ↗
  18. (GH sodium-retention study). GH increases extracellular volume by stimulating sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002. ↗
  19. (GHRH analog pulsatility/insulin study). Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog on endogenous GH pulsatility and insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. ↗
  20. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (PCAC) meeting - briefing document on growth hormone secretagogues (CJC-1295). FDA Advisory Committee Briefing Materials. 2024. ↗
  21. ConjuChem Inc. (trial sponsor). A study to evaluate CJC-1295 in HIV patients with visceral obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov. 2006. ↗
  22. Reference summary. Modified GRF (1-29) - chemical and pharmacological description. Encyclopedic reference. 2024. ↗
  23. World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List - Section S2: Peptide Hormones, Growth Factors, Related Substances and Mimetics. WADA International Standard. 2025. ↗